Article · 2 min read

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)

CBT-I is the top treatment for long-term insomnia, and it works without medicine. Learn what it involves and how to get it.

General information, not medical advice. Read our disclaimer.

INSOMNIA · TREATMENT

CBT-I at a glance

  • 70–80%People with chronic insomnia it helps
  • CBT-I is the top treatment for long-term insomnia.
  • It works without medicine.
  • It fixes the habits and thoughts behind poor sleep.
  • The results last, even after treatment ends.
  • Sleep specialists, psychologists and online programs offer it.

CBT-I is the most effective treatment for chronic (long-term) insomnia. It works without medicine, and the results last. It helps you change the thoughts and habits that keep you awake.

What is CBT-I?

Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is a structured program. It helps you spot the thoughts and habits that cause or worsen sleep problems. Then it helps you replace them.

Unlike sleeping pills, CBT-I works on the root causes of insomnia.

What are the parts of CBT-I?

  • Sleep restriction — Limiting your time in bed to match the time you actually sleep
  • Stimulus control — Training your mind to link your bed with sleep only
  • Cognitive restructuring — Changing unhelpful beliefs about sleep
  • Relaxation training — Ways to ease tension in your body and mind
  • Sleep hygiene education — Learning better sleep habits and setting up a better place to sleep

Why choose CBT-I over medicine?

  • Safe — No side effects and no risk of becoming dependent
  • Lasting — Results last, even after treatment ends
  • Gets to the cause — Fixes the root causes instead of hiding symptoms
  • Recommended first — Major sleep groups recommend it as the first treatment to try

Where can you get CBT-I?

You can get CBT-I from sleep specialists and psychologists. Online programs offer it too.

INSOMNIA · CBT-I

The five parts of CBT-I

Sleep restriction

What it isLimiting time in bed to match the time you sleep.

Who it helpsPeople who lie in bed awake for long hours.

Good to knowTime in bed is set to your real sleep.

Key point

Stimulus control

What it isTraining your mind to link your bed with sleep only.

Who it helpsPeople who feel restless or awake in bed.

Good to knowYour bed becomes a place for sleep.

Cognitive restructuring

What it isChanging unhelpful beliefs about sleep.

Who it helpsPeople whose thoughts cause or worsen sleep problems.

Good to knowIt targets thoughts that keep you awake.

Relaxation training

What it isWays to ease tension in your body and mind.

Who it helpsPeople who feel tense at bedtime.

Good to knowIt is one part of the full program.

Sleep hygiene education

What it isLearning better sleep habits and a better sleep space.

Who it helpsAnyone whose habits get in the way of sleep.

Good to knowHabits alone are only one part of CBT-I.

Common questions

How effective is CBT-I?
CBT-I works for 70-80% of people with chronic (long-term) insomnia. The AASM (American Academy of Sleep Medicine) recommends it as the first treatment to try.

Trusted medical sources

This page follows guidance and research from leading medical organizations.

Further reading

Part of our insomnia treatment service.